Your heart plays a central role in your overall health, and cardiologists use a range of diagnostic tests to evaluate its function and detect any potential issues. If you or a loved one needs heart testing, make sure that you know what to expect. Here are some of the most frequently used cardiology tests in clear and straightforward terms:
Electrocardiogram
An electrocardiogram, often called an ECG or EKG, records the heart’s electrical activity. Specialists place small patches (electrodes) on your chest, arms, or legs to measure electrical signals traveling through your heart. These signals show up as waves on a monitor or graph.
This test helps detect irregular heartbeats, abnormal rhythms, or signs of a previous heart attack. It is quick, painless, and usually completed in a matter of minutes. The technician will attach electrodes to specific areas of your body. You may be asked to lie still while the machine records your heart activity.
Echocardiogram
An echocardiogram is an imaging test that uses ultrasound waves to create a detailed picture of your heart. It shows the size and shape of your heart, how your heart valves work, and how blood flows through your heart chambers. There are several types of echocardiograms, including transthoracic (non-invasive) and transesophageal (a more detailed view obtained with a probe inserted into the esophagus). During a transthoracic echocardiogram, a gel is applied to your chest, and a wand (transducer) is moved over the area to capture images. This test may take 30 to 60 minutes.
Stress Tests
Stress tests assess how well your heart performs under physical activity or stress. These tests often involve walking on a treadmill or pedaling a stationary bike while your heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing are monitored. If exercise isn’t possible, special medications might be used to simulate the effects of physical activity on your heart. Stress tests are designed to evaluate potential blockages in your arteries and to measure how much oxygen-rich blood flows to your heart.
Angiogram
An angiogram is an imaging test that examines the blood vessels in your heart. Specialists inject a special dye into your arteries, which is visible on X-rays. This test helps identify blockages or narrowing in your blood vessels that might interfere with blood flow. Angiograms are often performed in a hospital setting, and in some cases, a cardiologist might recommend a procedure, such as placing a stent, during the same session.
CT Scan
A cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan produces detailed cross-sectional images of your heart and blood vessels. Cardiologists use this to detect heart disease or calcium deposits in your arteries. This may indicate a risk of blockages. The CT scanner uses X-rays to capture multiple images of your heart, and a computer combines these into a comprehensive view.
- You’ll lie on a table that slides into the CT scanner.
- You may need to hold your breath momentarily while images are taken.
- The entire process is usually completed in less than 30 minutes.
Schedule an Appointment with a Cardiologist
Understanding these tests helps ease concerns and prepares you for the steps ahead in your health care journey. Each test gives your doctor key insights into your heart’s health. They can then recommend the best course of action. If you have questions about your heart health or these diagnostic procedures, reach out to your healthcare provider.