Abdominal pain refers to discomfort experienced anywhere in the area between the ribs and the pelvis. This pain can originate from a variety of organs within the abdominal cavity. Some individuals describe it as dull or achy, while others report sharp, cramping, or intermittent pain. Because the severity of pain does not always reflect the seriousness of an underlying condition, any unexplained, persistent, or severe pain should prompt medical evaluation.
What Is Abdominal Pain?
The abdomen houses numerous organs and structures. Abdominal pain may arise from digestive or urinary system organs, as well as the muscles of the abdominal wall. Medical professionals often identify the source of pain by dividing the region into four quadrants. Identifying the specific quadrant where the pain is located can help narrow down which organs may be involved. Descriptions regarding the location, intensity, and frequency of pain are key in guiding healthcare providers toward a diagnosis.
What Causes It?
Many cases of abdominal pain are caused by temporary and less serious issues that relate to digestion, inflammation, or menstrual cycles. Digestive disturbances such as indigestion, gas, constipation, diarrhea, and food poisoning are frequent triggers. Inflammation and infection are also significant contributors and may include conditions like gastroenteritis, which causes cramping and diarrhea, and acid reflux (GERD).
In some cases, pain can be a sign of a more serious condition, and the location provides insight into the origin. Pain in the upper right quadrant may be caused by gallstones or kidney stones, while the upper left quadrant could suggest pancreatitis. Lower abdominal pain has many possible causes, such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel diseases like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, and appendicitis, which often affects the lower right. In women, potential causes might include menstrual cramps, ovarian cysts, endometriosis, or pelvic inflammatory disease.
How Is It Treated?
Treatment for abdominal pain is based on its underlying cause. For mild cases tied to digestive upset, at-home care may be appropriate. Options include taking a break from eating or choosing simple foods and staying hydrated. Over-the-counter medication can provide symptom relief, while other pain relievers may worsen stomach irritation and are generally avoided unless directed by a healthcare provider.
In cases where medical attention is required, a provider can recommend specific treatments after conducting a thorough evaluation. Surgical procedures might be necessary for conditions like appendicitis, gallstones, or bowel obstructions. In order to determine the exact cause of pain, providers may utilize imaging studies, including ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI.
Speak With a Gastroenterologist
Persistent, severe, or unexplained abdominal pain, or pain accompanied by certain symptoms, should prompt a visit to a medical professional. These include fever, lasting nausea, vomiting, blood in the stool, or jaundice. A gastroenterologist specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the digestive tract and can offer targeted management strategies. Evaluation typically includes a medical history, a symptom assessment, and may require diagnostic imaging or laboratory tests. Timely consultation helps identify the cause, prevent complications, and guide management to address symptoms effectively and support overall health.